X-Nico

42 unusual facts about Ottoman Empire


10 cent euro coin

Feraios was an eminent figure of Greek Enlightenment and was he first victim of the uprising against the Ottoman Empire.

3rd government of Turkey

Previously, he was a minister in an Ottoman Empire government and prime minister in pre-Republican Turkey (1923).

Al-Khurma dispute

Ibn Saud himself however did not maintain neutrality through World War I, being generously supported by the British against the pro-Ottoman emirate of Ha'il.

Arab Bureau

Clayton believed that such an office might not only discover and counter enemy propaganda but be capable of overseeing a wider collection of political and military information regarding the Middle East and in turn produce easily understood reports to inform policy-making in Cairo and London towards the Ottoman Arab territories.

Balkandji

As the Stara Planina mountain range used to be called “The Balkan” in Bulgaria, it also means “a man from the mountains”, mainly referring to the revolutionaries and people that were hiding in Stara Planina while Bulgaria was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, hence a brave and patriotic young man.

Banu Rashid

They entered into sporadic alliance with Spain, when faced with the threat of Ottoman expansion.

Barrio Patronato

In early 20th century there was a massive influx of Christian Palestinians and Lebanse fleeing the Ottoman Empire due to religious prosecution, and later the economic situation and the outbreak of World War I.

Bosnian Pony

It is thought that there were infusions of oriental stock by the Turks during the Ottoman Empire, after which more Tarpan blood was added to make the modern Bosnian Pony breed.

Christian tattooing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This very old custom, used exclusively among Catholic Christians, had a special meaning in the period of the Ottoman occupation.

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Croats would tattoo their children in order to save them from Turks who kidnapped them in Ottoman Bosnia, while Croatian women were tattooed in hopes of protecting themselves from being taken away by Turkish men into captivity.

Claudio Husaín

In Argentina the Arabs are usually mistakenly called Turks since they came to Argentina with Ottoman documents in the 1900s.

Colorado Ranger

The original foundation ancestors of the Colorado Ranger were two stallions brought to the United States and given to US president Ulysses S. Grant by the Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1878.

Column of Justinian

It stood in the western side of the great square of the Augustaeum, between the Hagia Sophia and the Great Palace, and survived until the early 16th century, when it was demolished by the Ottomans.

Courtney's and Steel's Post Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery

The campaign lasted eight months and was fought by British Empire and French forces against the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war and to open a supply route to Russia through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea.

Diego Duque de Estrada

Duque de Estrada saw a good deal of fighting both with the Turks and the Venetians; but he is mainly interesting because he was employed by the viceroy in the conspiracy against Venice.

Douglas Haskell

The son of American missionaries, Haskell was born in the Ottoman Empire, in the Balkan city of Monastir, now Bitola in the Republic of Macedonia.

Dresden Castle

It displays more than 600 objects of art from the Ottoman Empire, making it one of the oldest and most significant collections outside Turkey.

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The Turkish Chamber (Türckische Cammer) is a separate collection within the Dresden Armory that is focused on art from the Ottoman Empire.

Henry Joy Fynes-Clinton

On 6 January 1920, Fynes-Clinton issued a leaflet to all churches and chapels in England in support of Armenians, Syrians and other Christians of the Ottoman Empire.

History of Benghazi

It was in 1578 that the Turks invaded Benghazi and it was ruled from Tripoli by the Karamanlis from 1711 to 1835, then it passed under direct Ottoman rule until 1911.

Hrovača

Like similar names (e.g., Hrvatini and Hrobači, a hamlet of Dobravlje), it originally referred to medieval Croatian resettlement from the south connected with Ottoman occupation of the central Balkans.

James Dallaway

He had dedicated his Origin and Progress of Heraldry to Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, the Earl Marshal, and through the Duke's influence he was appointed chaplain and physician to the British embassy to the Ottoman Empire led by Robert Liston.

Karl Krumbacher

Krumbacher's extensive travels in Greece and the Ottoman Empire became the basis of his Griechische Reise (1886).

Katarija

Tradition states that the church was built to replace an older church that stood in Velika Vas but was burned by Ottoman forces.

Kato Asites

While being under Turkish domination between 15th and 19th centuries, a Turk tried to sabotage a Cretan wedding.

Legend of Saint Ursula

The banners over the tower, red-white with three golden crowns, are those of the Ottoman sultan Mehmet II, the main Venetian enemy during Carpaccio's life.

Leslie Davis

The mass deportations ordered by the Turks, in which hundreds of thousands of Armenians were crammed into freight cars and shipped hundreds of miles to die in the desert or at the hands of killing squads, were far worse than a straightforward massacre, he wrote.

Liberalism in Turkey

Although liberalism played a minimal role in the modernization of the Ottoman Empire, the liberal movement was restricted with force by the Committee of Union and Progress and its successor the Republican People's Party after World War I.

Moldavian Bull's Heads

Aside from the economic advantage derived from simplifying communications, the stamps and the symbol they used were a political statement against the Ottoman Empire that still exercised suzerainty over the principality.

Müezzinzade

Müezzinzade is an Ottoman epithet meaning "son of a muezzin."

Nicholas Sutton

Osmanoğlu is the daughter of Şehzade Osman Selaheddin Osmanoğlu Efendi, Imperial Prince of the Ottoman Empire (born Alexandria, 7 July 1940) and Athena Joy Christoforides Hanımefendi, (born London, 9 March 1944).

Panoutsos Notaras

His family, the Notarades, were among the six most prominent Greek Orthodox families of the Peloponnese during the late Ottoman rule, and occupied high-ranking offices in the provincial administration.

Perim

Afonso de Albuquerque, Portuguese governor of India, landed on Perim in 1513, but did not stay in the face of opposition from the Ottoman Empire, whose naval base at Suez dominated the Red Sea.

Piana degli Albanesi

The inhabitants are the descendants of Albanian families, including nobles and relatives of Skanderbeg, that settled in Southern Italy during the Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans.

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In 1482-1485, after several attacks from the Ottoman Empire, the Orthodox Christian Albanians were forced to the Adriatic coast where they hired ships from Republic of Venice and escaped by sailing managed to advance up to reach Sicily.

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Piana degli Albanesi was founded in the late fifteenth century by a large group of Albanian refugees coming from the Balkans during the conquest of the latter by the Ottoman Empire.

Principality of Samos

Tributary to the Ottoman Empire, paying the annual sum of £2700.It was governed by a Christian of Greek descent though nominated by the Porte, who bore the title of "Prince".

Ryszard Wincenty Berwiński

Ryszard Wincenty Berwiński (28 February 1817 in Polwica, Poznań, Prussia – 19 November 1879 in Constantinople, then part of the Ottoman Empire) was a noted Polish poet, translator, folklorist, and nationalist.

Sasima

Sasima is the modern Turkish village of Zamzama, a little to the north of Yer Hissar, in the Ottoman vilayet of Koniah, where a few inscriptions and rock tombs are to be found.

Smetanka

Count Alexey Orlov of Russia obtained many Arabians, including Smetanka, from the nobility of the Ottoman Empire and other sources tracing to the Bedouin of the Arabian peninsula.

Štanjel

The town walls that surround most of the village were also built in the 15th century to protect the settlement from the Ottoman raids.

United States foreign policy in the Middle East

Moreover, in comparison to European powers such as Britain and France which had managed to colonize almost all of the Middle East region after defeating the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the United States was "popular and respected throughout the Middle East".


Abkhazians of African descent

Historians agree that the settlement of Africans in a number of villages in the village of Adzyubzha in Abkhazia (then part of the Ottoman Empire) is likely to have happened in the 17th century.

Alfred Arthur Greenwood Hales

Hales was not content to be merely a writer of fiction, he went to Bulgaria and fought in the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Turks in 1903 in the band of general Ivan Tsonchev - the leader of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee.

Anna Balakian

Anna Balakian (14 July 1915 in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Istanbul, Turkey) – 12 August 1997 in New York City, United States), former chair of the Department of Comparative Literature at New York University, was internationally recognized as an authority on symbolism and surrealism.

Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu

Smallpox was prevalent throughout the Ottoman region that included Sivas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Battle of Sorovich

While advancing however, the division was caught at unawares near Banitsa (modern Vevi) by an attack of the Ottoman VI Corps (part of the Vardar Army with the 16th, 17th and 18th Nizamiye divisions), which was retreating following the battle of Prilep with the Serbs.

Bourganeuf

Prince Cem Sultan, pretender to the throne of the Ottoman Empire, was kept prisoner here in the fifteenth century.

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

As Bulgaria was part of the Ottoman Empire, Bulgarian émigrés founded the Bulgarian Literary Society on 26 September 1869, in Brăila in the Kingdom of Romania.

Damat Ferid Pasha

Damat Ferid Pasha (1853 – 6 October 1923) (full name Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha Efendi) was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of Grand Vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920.

Darda, Croatia

Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi in 1663 described Darda as an important market place with a strong fortress with towers.

Dimitrios Tomprof

Tomprof, of Smyrna in the Ottoman Empire, placed either fourth or fifth in his preliminary heat of the 800 metres, though records do not indicate whether he was ahead or behind countryman Angelos Fetsis.

Elbistan

The region was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire shortly before the campaign against the Mameluks of Egypt in 1512, although some local chiefdoms were given varying degrees of autonomy, notably around the localities of Haticepınar and Kasanlı.

Epameinondas Deligiorgis

He was not a proponent of the Megali Idea (Great Idea) and thought that a better solution to the Eastern Question would be to improve the condition of the Greeks living in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia, Epirus, Thrace and Asia Minor by liberalising the Ottoman Empire.

Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre

The convent is accessible only from the basilica, which under Ottoman rule was in charge of Muslim guards.

Firishta

According to the scholar T.N. Devare, Firishta's account is the most widely quoted history of the Adil Shahi, but it is the only source for a fabricated story asserting the Ottoman origin of Yusuf Adil Shah, the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty (Devare 67 fn2, 272).

Fountain of Qasim Pasha

The fountain was built by Qasim Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Jerusalem in 1527 during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, making the first public structure to be built on the Haram al-Sharif/ Al-Aqsa Mosque by the Ottomans.

Givat HaShlosha

The kibbutz is named for the three workers from Petah Tikva who were accused of espionage during World War I (Palestine was then under the rule of the Ottoman Empire), and were sent to a prison in Damascus.

Gracia Mendes Nasi

Once in Antwerp, Dona Gracia and her staff gave them instructions and the money to travel by cart and foot over the Alps to the great port city of Venice, where arrangements were made to transport them by ship to the Ottoman Empire Greece and Turkey in the East.

Hasan Tahsin

Being a member of the Ottoman special Organization, he unsuccessfully tried to assassinate the Buxton Brothers: Noel Noel-Buxton, 1st Baron Noel-Buxton and Charles Roden Buxton in Romania during World War I.

Helena Palaiologina, Despotitsa of Serbia

After Smederevo fell to the Ottoman Turks on 20 June 1459, Helena left Serbia and fled to the Greek island of Leukas where she converted to Catholicism.

Ieremia Movilă

The potential conflict with the country's Ottoman overlord was defused after the Poles negotiated an agreement with Sinan Pasha, although Moldavia was invaded by the Khan of Crimea and Ottoman vassal Ğazı II Giray.

Ivan Franjo Jukić

Jukić's famous 1850 memorandum to the Porte (the government of the Ottoman Empire), titled Želje i molbe kristjanah u Bosni i Hercegovini, koje ponizno prikazuju njegovom veličanstvu sretnovladajućem sultanu Abdul-Medžidu represents the first draft of a European-inspired civic constitution in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovatyi

Viskovatiy was accused of his alleged intentions to give Novgorod to the Polish king and Astrakhan and Kazan to the Turkish sultan.

İzmir Clock Tower

In the former Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire, particularly in present-day Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin towns such as Belgrade, Prijepolje, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Gradačac and Stara Varoš, similar Ottoman era clock towers still exist and are called Sahat Kula (derived from the Turkish words Saat Kulesi, meaning Clock Tower.)

Jaljulia

In 1596, Jaljulia was part of the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Banu Sa´b under the Liwa of Nablus, with a population of 100 households ("Khana").

Kargil district

At least until recently, some Kargilis, especially those of the Agha families descendants of Syed preachers who were in a direct line descent from the Prophet Muhammad, were sent to Iraq for their education.

Leo Kereselidze

Keresselidze led a military unit of Georgian volunteers, the Georgian Legion, which fought on the German side and was transferred to the Ottoman-Russian Caucasus front.

Limanköy, Çayeli

Mapavri was since long inhabited by the Laz community, and was part of the Roman Empire and then the Empire of Trebizond until was brought within the Ottoman Empire by Mehmet II in 1461, although this coast has always been vulnerable to invaders from across the nearby Caucasus.

Los Haro

The Morisma is based on the Battle of Lepanto, in which Christian forces under John of Austria defeated the Turkish (Ottoman) navy in 1571, thereby impeding Muslim expansion into Europe.

Mameluke sword

Marine Corps history states that a sword of this type was presented to Marine First Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon by the Ottoman Empire viceroy, Prince Hamet, on December 8, 1805, during the First Barbary War, as a gesture of respect and praise for the Marines' actions at the Battle of Derne.

Matochina

Matochina has existed since at least 1664, when Ottoman sultan Mehmed IV was reported to have hunted near the abandoned fortress and the village located below it.

Mircea I of Wallachia

The defeat of Sultan Beyazid I by Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) at Ankara in the summer of 1402 opened a period of anarchy in the Ottoman Empire and Mircea took advantage of it to organize together with the Hungarian king a campaign against the Turks.

National Garden, Athens

In 1920, at the end of World War I, Greece under King Alexander and the government of Eleftherios Venizelos remained committed to the Megali Idea (Greek for The Great Idea) that Greece should regain control from the Ottoman Empire of portions of Asia Minor on the Ionian coast.

Nehemiah Hayyun

His parents, of Sephardic descent, lived in Sarajevo, Bosnia (then a part of the Ottoman Empire), where probably he was born, although in later life he pretended that he was a Palestinian emissary born in Safed.

Nicolae Milescu

In 1660-1664, he acted as representative of his country with its Ottoman overlord, and then as envoy to Berlin and Stockholm.

Nikola Bošković

Nikola came to Dubrovnik as a boy and his parents sent him to become a trader's apprentice for a wealthy trader called Rad Gleđević, who then dispatched him to Novi Pazar in the Ottoman Empire (today Sandžak, Serbia) to learn from the local traders.

No. 40 Wing RAF

Augmented by a giant Handley Page bomber, No. 40 Wing took part in the Battle of Megiddo, General Allenby's final offensive in Palestine, where its units inflicted "wholesale destruction" on Turkish columns through sustained aerial assaults.

Ochindol

The village contains a monument representing Ivan Vazov's character 'Grandfather Yotso', a symbol of liberation from the Ottoman Empire and the progress of independent Bulgaria.

Osmanoğlu family

The Osmanoğlu family refers to the current members of the historical House of Osman (the Ottoman dynasty) who were the sole rulers and the namesake of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1922.

Pantelleria

In 1123 Roger of Sicily took the island, and in 1311 an Aragonese fleet, under the command of Lluís de Requesens, won a considerable victory here, and his family became princes of Pantelleria until 1553, when the town was sacked by the Turks.

Pavlos Rakovitis

Born in Rakovo, Florina, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Kratero, Florina, Greece) in 1877, he grew up to be the captain of 40 strong soldiers during the Macedonian Struggle.

Peace of Busza

The Peace of Busza (Busha, Bose) also known as the Treaty of Jaruga was negotiated by Stanisław Żółkiewski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Iskender Pasha of the Ottoman Empire in Busza (Bose) near the Jaruga and Dniester rivers on September 23, 1617.

Siege of Krujë

The Siege of Krujë refers to four attempts of the Ottoman Empire to capture Krujë in Albania during the 15th century.

Srbac

Svinjar was one of the important rebel sites in Bosnia during the Herzegovina Uprising (1875–78) against the Ottoman Empire; one of the battles took place here on 21 November 1875 at a place called Srbac where hajduks of Motajica burnt down and destroyed an Ottoman military camp.

William Cosgrove

Corporal Cosgrove led a company section during the attack on the Turkish positions.

Young Turks

The unity among the Young Turks that originated from the Young Turk Revolution began to splinter in face of the realities of the ongoing dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, especially with the onset of World War I in 1914, with the Ottoman Empire joining the Central Powers against the Allies.