X-Nico

42 unusual facts about Ottoman Empire


3rd government of Turkey

Previously, he was a minister in an Ottoman Empire government and prime minister in pre-Republican Turkey (1923).

Al-Khurma dispute

Ibn Saud himself however did not maintain neutrality through World War I, being generously supported by the British against the pro-Ottoman emirate of Ha'il.

Alfred Arthur Greenwood Hales

Hales was not content to be merely a writer of fiction, he went to Bulgaria and fought in the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Turks in 1903 in the band of general Ivan Tsonchev - the leader of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee.

Barrio Patronato

In early 20th century there was a massive influx of Christian Palestinians and Lebanse fleeing the Ottoman Empire due to religious prosecution, and later the economic situation and the outbreak of World War I.

Bourganeuf

Prince Cem Sultan, pretender to the throne of the Ottoman Empire, was kept prisoner here in the fifteenth century.

Christian tattooing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croats would tattoo their children in order to save them from Turks who kidnapped them in Ottoman Bosnia, while Croatian women were tattooed in hopes of protecting themselves from being taken away by Turkish men into captivity.

Cinema of Syria

Eight years later, the Ottoman administration established the first film theater, in Damascus.

Claudio Husaín

In Argentina the Arabs are usually mistakenly called Turks since they came to Argentina with Ottoman documents in the 1900s.

Clifford Day Mallory Cup

A piece of history in and of itself, the Mallory Cup was originally gifted by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire to the family of Lord Nelson in appreciation of his command over the English fleet that defeated Napoleon in the Battle of the Nile.

Courtney's and Steel's Post Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery

The campaign lasted eight months and was fought by British Empire and French forces against the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war and to open a supply route to Russia through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea.

Daniel Decker

Named after the city where one of the first massacres of the Armenian people took place, “Adana” tells the story of the Armenian Genocide, during which soldiers of the Ottoman Empire forced 1.5 million Armenians into starvation, torture and extermination because they would not renounce their Christian faith.

Diego Duque de Estrada

Duque de Estrada saw a good deal of fighting both with the Turks and the Venetians; but he is mainly interesting because he was employed by the viceroy in the conspiracy against Venice.

Douglas Haskell

The son of American missionaries, Haskell was born in the Ottoman Empire, in the Balkan city of Monastir, now Bitola in the Republic of Macedonia.

Dresden Castle

It displays more than 600 objects of art from the Ottoman Empire, making it one of the oldest and most significant collections outside Turkey.

Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre

The convent is accessible only from the basilica, which under Ottoman rule was in charge of Muslim guards.

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He conferred numerous benefactions on St. Saviour's, and induced the Turks to remove the stable which obstructed the light and air of the little monastery of the Holy Sepulchre.

Flag of the Ba'ath Party

The flag is almost identical to the Palestinian flag, and extremely similar to the flags of Jordan, and Western Sahara, all of which draw their inspiration from the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule (1916–1918).

Hector de Castro

Hector de Castro(1849 – January 30, 1909) was an Ottoman born American businessman and diplomat.

Henry Joy Fynes-Clinton

On 6 January 1920, Fynes-Clinton issued a leaflet to all churches and chapels in England in support of Armenians, Syrians and other Christians of the Ottoman Empire.

Hermeticism

He conducted his investigations under the protection of the Byzantine podestà during the period of the joint Byzantine and Italian podestà and before the capture of Constantinople by Ottoman Turks in 1453.

Illés Relief

The scale model reflects the city under the later stages of Ottoman rule.

İsmail Bilen

İsmail Bilen (1902 in Çinçiva village, Vija, Ottoman Empire – November 18, 1983 in East Berlin, GDR) was a Turkish politician.

James Dallaway

He had dedicated his Origin and Progress of Heraldry to Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, the Earl Marshal, and through the Duke's influence he was appointed chaplain and physician to the British embassy to the Ottoman Empire led by Robert Liston.

Karl Krumbacher

Krumbacher's extensive travels in Greece and the Ottoman Empire became the basis of his Griechische Reise (1886).

Katarija

Tradition states that the church was built to replace an older church that stood in Velika Vas but was burned by Ottoman forces.

Legend of Saint Ursula

The banners over the tower, red-white with three golden crowns, are those of the Ottoman sultan Mehmet II, the main Venetian enemy during Carpaccio's life.

Leslie Davis

The mass deportations ordered by the Turks, in which hundreds of thousands of Armenians were crammed into freight cars and shipped hundreds of miles to die in the desert or at the hands of killing squads, were far worse than a straightforward massacre, he wrote.

Levantine cuisine

This region shared many culinary traditions under the Ottoman Empire which continue to be influential today.

Moldavian Bull's Heads

Aside from the economic advantage derived from simplifying communications, the stamps and the symbol they used were a political statement against the Ottoman Empire that still exercised suzerainty over the principality.

Nogais

The Kalmyks expelled the Nogais who fled to the northern Caucasian plains and to the Crimean Khanate, areas under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

Osmanoğlu family

There were thirty six Ottoman Sultans who ruled over the Empire, and each one was a direct descendant through the male line of the first Ottoman Sultan, Sultan Osman I.

Ouchy

On 18 October 1912, the First Treaty of Lausanne was signed in Ouchy between Italy and the Ottoman Empire, concluding the Italo-Turkish War.

Piana degli Albanesi

The inhabitants are the descendants of Albanian families, including nobles and relatives of Skanderbeg, that settled in Southern Italy during the Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans.

Principality of Samos

Tributary to the Ottoman Empire, paying the annual sum of £2700.It was governed by a Christian of Greek descent though nominated by the Porte, who bore the title of "Prince".

Sasima

Sasima is the modern Turkish village of Zamzama, a little to the north of Yer Hissar, in the Ottoman vilayet of Koniah, where a few inscriptions and rock tombs are to be found.

Siege of Krujë

The Siege of Krujë refers to four attempts of the Ottoman Empire to capture Krujë in Albania during the 15th century.

The Man with the Golden Touch

On the way to Komárom, they stop at an island, the "no man's island", which lies in the Danube between the Ottoman Empire and the Hungarian part of the Habsburg Empire, undiscovered and unclaimed by both.

Tok Janggut

Jihadism- Tok Janggut was influenced by the message of Jihadism promulgated during the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, which advocated the fight against Western imperialism

United States foreign policy in the Middle East

Moreover, in comparison to European powers such as Britain and France which had managed to colonize almost all of the Middle East region after defeating the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the United States was "popular and respected throughout the Middle East".

Usman

Ottoman Empire, also known as Osmanli, Empire of Osman (modern-day Turkey)

Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire

Vassal States were a number of tributary or vassal states, usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Porte, over which direct control was not established, for various reasons.

William Cosgrove

Corporal Cosgrove led a company section during the attack on the Turkish positions.


Abu Bakr Effendi

Sheikh Abu Bakr Effendi (1814–1880) was an Osmanli qadi who was sent in 1862 by the Ottoman sultan Abdülmecid I at the request of the British Queen Victoria to the Cape of Good Hope, in order to teach and assist the Muslim community of the Cape Malays.

Anna Balakian

Anna Balakian (14 July 1915 in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Istanbul, Turkey) – 12 August 1997 in New York City, United States), former chair of the Department of Comparative Literature at New York University, was internationally recognized as an authority on symbolism and surrealism.

Aptera, Greece

The hilltop, about 150 metres above the sea, commands views of Souda Bay and the Akrotiri Peninsula to the north, the Lefka Ori (White Mountains) to the south, and Kalives and the Turkish Itzendin Castle to the east; the city of Chania is not quite visible to the west.

Armenian casualties of deportations

Armenian casualties of deportations, part of World War I casualties, only cover a subset of Ottoman Armenian casualties during the Tehcir (deportation) activities of the Ottoman Empire under the Tehcir Law May 27, 1915, February 8-1916 what is known as Armenian genocide.

Bankalar Caddesi

Bankalar Caddesi (English: Banks Street), alternatively known as the Voyvoda Caddesi (English: Voivode Street), located in the historic Galata quarter (present-day Karaköy) within the district of Beyoğlu (historic Pera) in Istanbul, Turkey, was the financial center of the Ottoman Empire.

Colorado Ranger

The original foundation ancestors of the Colorado Ranger were two stallions brought to the United States and given to US president Ulysses S. Grant by the Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1878.

Damat Ferid Pasha

Damat Ferid Pasha (1853 – 6 October 1923) (full name Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha Efendi) was an Ottoman statesman who held the office of Grand Vizier during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920.

David ben Judah Messer Leon

However, in 1495 the city fell to the French under Charles VIII, and he fled east to the Ottoman Empire to escape the violent pogroms that ensued, spending time in Istanbul before moving sometime between 1498 and 1504 to teach Torah in Salonica, at that time in a state of intellectual vibrancy due to the settlement there of many Sephardi exiles forced to leave after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, Sicily in 1493, and Portugal in 1496.

Dimitrios Tomprof

Tomprof, of Smyrna in the Ottoman Empire, placed either fourth or fifth in his preliminary heat of the 800 metres, though records do not indicate whether he was ahead or behind countryman Angelos Fetsis.

Duchy of Racha

The rival noble clans, especially Tsulukidze and Tsereteli, attempted to counter the move by invoking a force of Ottoman and Dagestan mercenaries, only to be routed by the royal army in 1786.

Firishta

According to the scholar T.N. Devare, Firishta's account is the most widely quoted history of the Adil Shahi, but it is the only source for a fabricated story asserting the Ottoman origin of Yusuf Adil Shah, the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty (Devare 67 fn2, 272).

Georgian dialects

The obsolescent Kizlar-Mozdokian dialect, was spoken in the north central Caucasian areas of Kizlyar and Mozdok by descendants of those Georgians who fled the Ottoman occupation of Georgia in the early 18th century.

Ghasm

The Sunni Muslim al-Miqdad clan has been the predominant family in Ghasm and a number of nearby towns since the Ottoman Empire era.

Givat HaShlosha

The kibbutz is named for the three workers from Petah Tikva who were accused of espionage during World War I (Palestine was then under the rule of the Ottoman Empire), and were sent to a prison in Damascus.

Hunedoara

In 1601 the castle was besieged by the Wallachian army of Michael the Brave in his campaign to unite the Romanian-inhabited principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania against the Ottoman Empire, and to switch the Ottoman vassalage to the Habsburgs.

Ivan Franjo Jukić

Jukić's famous 1850 memorandum to the Porte (the government of the Ottoman Empire), titled Želje i molbe kristjanah u Bosni i Hercegovini, koje ponizno prikazuju njegovom veličanstvu sretnovladajućem sultanu Abdul-Medžidu represents the first draft of a European-inspired civic constitution in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Jaljulia

In 1596, Jaljulia was part of the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Banu Sa´b under the Liwa of Nablus, with a population of 100 households ("Khana").

Kafr 'Inan

It is during the rule of the Ottoman Empire over Palestine that the form Kafr ʿInān (Kafr 'Anan) first appears. The village is listed in 1596, as forming part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Jira under the Liwa of Safad, with a population of 259.

Kargil district

At least until recently, some Kargilis, especially those of the Agha families descendants of Syed preachers who were in a direct line descent from the Prophet Muhammad, were sent to Iraq for their education.

Kaytazzade Mehmet Nazım

In 1884, Nazım worked as an Ottoman official in the public service of the Ottoman Empire in Chios, Adana, Istanbul, Izmir, and Bursa.

Leo Kereselidze

Keresselidze led a military unit of Georgian volunteers, the Georgian Legion, which fought on the German side and was transferred to the Ottoman-Russian Caucasus front.

Little Syria, Manhattan

The overwhelming majority of the residents were Arabic-speaking Christians, Melkite and Maronite immigrants from present-day Syria and Lebanon who settled in the area in the late 19th century, escaping religious persecution and poverty in their homelands – which were then under control of the Ottoman Empire – and answering the call of American missionaries to escape their difficulties by traveling to New York City.

Mameluke sword

Marine Corps history states that a sword of this type was presented to Marine First Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon by the Ottoman Empire viceroy, Prince Hamet, on December 8, 1805, during the First Barbary War, as a gesture of respect and praise for the Marines' actions at the Battle of Derne.

Maramureș

In the 16th century, medieval Kingdom of Hungary was invaded and destroyed by the Ottoman Empire, and area came under administration of the semi-independent Ottoman Principality of Transylvania and later (in the end of the 17th century) under administration of the Habsburg Monarchy (later known as the Austrian Empire).

Mircea I of Wallachia

The defeat of Sultan Beyazid I by Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) at Ankara in the summer of 1402 opened a period of anarchy in the Ottoman Empire and Mircea took advantage of it to organize together with the Hungarian king a campaign against the Turks.

Misak Torlakian

After the Russian withdrawal from the Turkish front in 1918, which allowed the Turks to advance unimpeded towards Yerevan, Torlakian joined Armenian army forces and participated with distinction in the battle of Bash Abaran, under the leadership of General Dro.

Müzeyyen Senar

Senar was born on July 16, 1918 in the village of Gököz in the Keles district of Bursa Province, in the then Ottoman Empire.

Neyyire Neyir

In the Ottoman Empire, acting of Muslim women in movies was not allowed for reasons of religion.

Nikola Bošković

Nikola came to Dubrovnik as a boy and his parents sent him to become a trader's apprentice for a wealthy trader called Rad Gleđević, who then dispatched him to Novi Pazar in the Ottoman Empire (today Sandžak, Serbia) to learn from the local traders.

Ochindol

The village contains a monument representing Ivan Vazov's character 'Grandfather Yotso', a symbol of liberation from the Ottoman Empire and the progress of independent Bulgaria.

Olive wood carving in Palestine

The art developed and became a major industry in Bethlehem and nearby towns like Beit Sahour and Beit Jala in the 16th and 17th centuries when Italian and Franciscan artisans on pilgrimage to the area — by now under the rule of the Ottomans — taught the residents how to carve.

Osmanoğlu family

The Osmanoğlu family refers to the current members of the historical House of Osman (the Ottoman dynasty) who were the sole rulers and the namesake of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1922.

Pantelleria

In 1123 Roger of Sicily took the island, and in 1311 an Aragonese fleet, under the command of Lluís de Requesens, won a considerable victory here, and his family became princes of Pantelleria until 1553, when the town was sacked by the Turks.

Peace of Busza

The Peace of Busza (Busha, Bose) also known as the Treaty of Jaruga was negotiated by Stanisław Żółkiewski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Iskender Pasha of the Ottoman Empire in Busza (Bose) near the Jaruga and Dniester rivers on September 23, 1617.

Raymond Eddé

Eddé was born in Alexandria, Egypt, where his father, a native of the town of Edde in the Jbeil District and an opponent of Ottoman control of Lebanon, had taken refuge after being sentenced to death for subversion.

Roger de Damas

In 1787 he went to Russia, where a large army was being prepared for the war against the Ottoman Empire, as a guest of its commander, Grigory Potemkin.

Thymios Vlachavas

In the 19th century, he achieved a prominent position among the other klepht leaders, and led the fight against Ali Pasha, the powerful and semi-independent Ottoman governor of Yanina.

Tirana historical places

Modern Tirana was founded as an Ottoman town in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini, a local ruler from Mullet, although the area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity.