X-Nico

98 unusual facts about DNA


Abelson murine leukemia virus

As a retrovirus, it has a single-stranded, positive sense RNA genome which replicates via a DNA intermediate mediated by a reverse transcriptase.

Acer nipponicum

A ribosomal DNA study of Acer species in 2006 placed A. nipponicum along with the related A.caudatum near the base of the phylogenetic trees recovered.

African forest elephant

The DNA tests, however, indicated the two populations were much more different than previously believed.

Amy Mihaljevic

Bay Village police collected DNA samples from several potential suspects in the case in December 2006.

An End to the Means

It is not a match to her own DNA but a paternal match to a man named Mohammed Khan.

Andreas Paraschos

From that point began the process of exhumations and identification through the scientific method of DNA.

Asarum

Study of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, combined with morphological data, have yielded a better-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis, confirming the distinctiveness of the above-named genera.

Ashikaga murder case

In 2009, when his DNA was checked again against the evidence, it conclusively showed that he was innocent.

Assassination of Rafic Hariri

On 18 December 2006, a progress report by former head of the investigation, Serge Brammertz, indicated that DNA evidence collected from the crime scene suggests that the assassination might be the act of a young male suicide bomber.

Aureolaria

As a result of numerous molecular phylogenetic studies based on various chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) loci, it was shown to be more closely related to members of the Orobanchaceae.

Bendamustine

It acts as an alkylating agent causing intra-strand and inter-strand cross-links between DNA bases.

Blue Mounds State Park

The case went unsolved for six years until May 2007 when, in a routine check of DNA samples of prison inmates in South Dakota, police found a match with DNA samples gathered from the crime scene.

Bromodeoxyuridine

BrdU can be incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA of replicating cells (during the S phase of the cell cycle), substituting for thymidine during DNA replication.

Bronze Soldier of Tallinn

The initial DNA analysis revealed 11 male and 1 female among those 12 found at the site.

Brushy Bill Roberts

In 2003 Lincoln County Sheriff Tom Sullivan, Capitan, New Mexico Mayor Steve Sederwall, and De Baca County, New Mexico Sheriff Gary Graves began a campaign to exhume the remains of Billy the Kid and his mother, Catherine Antrim, to prove it was in fact Billy the Kid buried in Fort Sumner through DNA.

Canna speciosa

speciosa to be a synonym of C. indica L., however, Tanaka's DNA assays demonstrate that the C. indica complex can be clearly distinguished from other taxa, as a result he recognises this as a separate species.

Cerebritis

The immune complexes, which consist of DNA and anti-DNA, cause an inflammatory response as well as a disruption of the blood–brain barrier.

Cleomaceae

These genera were previously included in the family Capparaceae, but were raised to a distinct family when DNA evidence suggested that the genera included in it are more closely related to Brassicaceae than they are to Capparaceae.

Cophenetic correlation

Although it has been most widely applied in the field of biostatistics (typically to assess cluster-based models of DNA sequences, or other taxonomic models), it can also be used in other fields of inquiry where raw data tend to occur in clumps, or clusters.

Craig Peyer

In 2004, Peyer was asked if he would contribute a sample of his DNA to a San Diego County program that was designed and initiated to use DNA samples to possibly exonerate wrongfully imprisoned persons, since at the time of his trial and conviction such testing was not yet available.

Delroy Easton Grant

In March 2004, Operation Minstead detectives hand-delivered a letter to hundreds of black men in South London, asking for their help in voluntarily providing a DNA sample for elimination purposes.

Diarylpyrimidines

Diarylpyrimidines (DAPY) and diaryltriazines (DATA) are two closely related classes of molecules resembling the pyrimidine nucleotides found in DNA.

DNA-directed RNA interference

Classified as an orphan disease, there is currently no therapy for OPMD, caused by a mutation in the poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene.

Donald Walters

DNA samples recovered from blood in the building match that of Walters, and splatter vectors suggest that he died from two gunshot wounds to the back, from more than twenty feet away.

Doxander vittatus

The cladogram was based on DNA sequences of both nuclear histone H3 and mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) protein-coding gene regions.

Enzo Paoletti

Enzo Paoletti is an Italian scientist who devised a strategy to produce recombinant DNA vaccines.

Eufloria

After conquering them, the mothertree analysed their remains, and found that all the enemy seedlings had the same DNA as the Euflorian's seedlings.

Evolution in Variable Environment

EVE operates under the “central dogma,” the assumption that all biochemical pathways proceed through the following steps: DNA => RNA => protein.

Fever Abduction

It has the possible theory of a DNA transfer from the alien intelligence to human bodies.

Force spectroscopy

Common applications of force spectroscopy are measurements of polymer elasticity, especially biopolymers such as RNA and DNA.

GAL4/UAS system

Gal4 is a modular protein consisting broadly of a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain.

George Poinar, Jr.

In 1992 a team consisting of Poinar, his wife, his son Hendrik, and Dr. Raúl J. Cano of California Polytechnic State University successfully extracted insect DNA from a Lebanese weevil in amber that was 125 million years old, but more recent studies of ancient DNA cast doubt on the results.

He is known for popularizing the idea of extracting DNA from insects fossilized in amber, an idea which received widespread attention when adapted by Michael Crichton for the book and movie Jurassic Park.

GWAS Central

It was first released in August 1998, focusing on providing a centralized collection of known human single nucleotide polymorphisms and other simple DNA variants.

Gypsy horse

All of the North American Gypsy Horse and Drum Horse registries employ the Animal Genetics Research Laboratory of the University of Kentucky to perform DNA analysis and maintain a database of registered horses' DNA markers.

All American registries, including the International Drum Horse Association below, employ the Animal Genetics Research Laboratory of the University of Kentucky as the repository of their registered horses' DNA markers.

Hydroxyl

When biological systems are exposed to hydroxyl radicals, they can cause damage to cells, including those in humans, where they react with DNA, lipids, and proteins.

Hymenaea protera

In 1993, chloroplast DNA dated at 35-40 million years old was extracted from the leaf of H.

Hypoxanthine

In August 2011, a report, based on NASA studies with meteorites found on Earth, was published suggesting hypoxanthine and related organic molecules, including the DNA and RNA components adenine and guanine, may have been formed extraterrestrially in outer space.

Ian Gallagher

The truth is uncovered when Ian undergoes DNA testing in hopes of proving that Frank is not his biological father.

Indonesia–Madagascar relations

According to an extensive new mitochondrial DNA study, native Malagasy people today can likely trace their genetic heritage back to 30 different mothers from Indonesia.

Iron Helix

No longer recognized due to the changes in their DNA, the O'Briens security robot, simply known as "the Ship's Defender", assumes they are invaders and kills them.

Jerry Sheindlin

He is the author of two books, Genetic Fingerprinting: The Law and Science of DNA Evidence and Blood Trail.

John Abelson

His work has made possible an understanding of how genomic DNA can be converted to both messenger RNA and transfer RNA, particularly when there are introns present in the genome.

Joyce Gilchrist

Gilchrist earned the nickname "Black Magic" for her ability to match DNA evidence that other forensic examiners could not.

Karl Wilhelm Naundorff

A handful of French historians insist that DNA testing finally resolved the issue of Naundorff's claim —mitochondrial DNA sequences of remains that researchers have claimed to have belonged to Naundorff were compared with sequences obtained from the remains of Marie-Antoinette and two of her sisters, as well as two living maternal relatives.

Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment

The Center has a Regional Facility for Genetic Fingerprinting, which provides DNA analysis services for forensic and criminal investigations, paternity disputes, identification of wildlife remains, authentication of plants and seeds besides a battery of molecular diagnostics for genetic and infectious diseases.

Kerry Babies Tribunal

In 2004, Joanne Hayes offered to undergo DNA testing to establish that she was not the mother of the baby on the beach.

Labidiaster annulatus

Little is known of the reproduction of Labidiaster annulatus but the larvae pass through at least one bipinnaria and one brachiolaria stage as has been demonstrated by DNA analysis.

Linear dichroism

The predominant use of LD currently is in the study of bio-macromolecules (e.g. DNA) as well as synthetic polymers.

Madison Hemings

Based on historical and DNA evidence, historians widely agree that Jefferson was likely the father of all Hemings' children.

Marie-Louise von Franz

Von Franz, in 1968, was the first to argue that the mathematical structure of DNA is analogous to that of the I Ching.

Marina Kulik

Marina Johanna Kulik (The Hague, July 13, 1956) is a Dutch painter, known for her lively portrait paintings in aquarelle and for her poetic and original abstracts, all inspired by 'the mystery of life' - the MyDNA series, with chromosomes, cells, DNA and fingerprints.

Marine bacteriophage

Marine phages, although microscopic and essentially unnoticed by scientists until recently, appear to be the most abundant and diverse form of DNA replicating agent on the planet.

Mary Brown Bullock

The biggest structural achievement during Bullock's reign was the $36.5 million Science Center that includes a three-story length painting of Agnes Scott's actual DNA, along with state-of-the-art equipment in all the labs.

Mass Effect 2: Kasumi - Stolen Memory

After getting samples of Hock's DNA from his private quarters, recording a sample of his voice, and disabling the vault's defenses, Kasumi and Shepard infiltrate the vault.

Melamine cyanurate

The complex is held together by an extensive two-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds between the two compounds, reminiscent to that seen in DNA base pairing.

Mixed-race Brazilian

According to some DNA researches, Brazilians predominantly possess some degree of mixed-race ancestry, though less than half of the country's population classified themselves as "pardos" in the census.

Nucleoside analogue

Once they are phosphorylated, they work as antimetabolites by being similar enough to nucleotides to be incorporated into growing DNA strands; but they act as chain terminators and stop viral DNA Polymerase.

Ophidian 2350

Combat consists of one team pitted against another, and though competitors often die, the gladiators' DNA is often taken before the match to resurrect the fallen warrior.

Opuntia ficus-indica

Recent DNA analysis indicated O. ficus-indica was domesticated from Opuntia species native to central Mexico.

Oragene

Oragene is the tradename for a non-invasive self-collection DNA kit that allows extraction of DNA from saliva, developed by DNA Genotek, a branch of OraSure Technologies.

Orchid Cellmark

Orchid Cellmark is a DNA testing company offering a DNA paternity testing service in Europe.

Ottis Toole

The police did not reveal any new physical evidence and pointed out that they still had no DNA evidence.

Outline of biophysics

Optical tweezers and Magnetic tweezers – allow for the manipulation of single molecules, providing information about DNA and its interaction with proteins and molecular motors, such as Helicase and RNA polymerase.

Oxamniquine

Oxamniquine is a semisynthetic tetrahydroquinoline and possibly acts by DNA binding, resulting in contraction and paralysis of the worms and eventual detachment from terminal venules in the mesentry, and death.

Pallid sturgeon

To better protect the pallid sturgeon from extinction, research on its DNA and that of other closely related species was conducted to assess the differences within various populations of pallid sturgeon, and the differences between pallid and shovelnose sturgeon.

Peter Dupas

With Dupas in custody, police were able to obtain a DNA sample, linking him to the 1997 murder of Maher.

Photopheresis

8-Methoxypsoralen irreversibly binds covalently to both strands of the DNA of nucleated cells following photoactivation.

Podophyllotoxin

For instance, etoposide binds and stabilizes the temporary break caused by the enzyme, disrupts the reparation of the break through which the double-stranded DNA passes, and consequently stops DNA unwinding and replication.

Pooper-scooper

DNA samples would be required when pet licenses come up for renewal.

Prüm Convention

The Convention was adopted so as to enable the signatories to exchange data regarding DNA, fingerprints and Vehicle registration of concerned persons and to cooperate against terrorism.

Ray Krone

On April 8, 2002, Krone left prison after DNA evidence proved that he did not murder the victim.

Robijn Bruinsma

His research specialties include the numerical Simulation of active proteins and of Gene transcription, the self-assembly of viruses, DNA, and chromatin, the electrostatics of DNA and electrical transport along DNA, and adhesion of vesicles and cells.

Rock pocket mouse

In 2003, scientists sampled DNA from both light- and dark-coloured rock pocket mice from areas in Pinacate Peaks, Mexico and New Mexico, USA.

Rosa fedtschenkoana

Recent DNA research has discovered that R. fedtschenkoana is one of the parents of the damask group of garden roses (the other species involved being R. moschata and R. gallica).

Rudolf Podgornik

His field of research is the physics of soft matter, the physics of coulomb fluids and macromolecular interactions, the Lifshitz theory of dispersion interaction, the physics of membranes, polymers and polyelectrolytes and especially the physics of DNA and viruses.

Saethre–Chotzen syndrome

Prenatal testing is usually performed around 15–18 weeks, using amniocentesis to extract DNA from the fetus's cells.

Sage Group

In an interview with The Times, the CEO of Sage's UK business stated that: "Acquisitions are part of our DNA".

Sarcolaenaceae

Recent DNA studies indicate that the Sarcolaenaceae are a sibling taxon to the family Dipterocarpaceae of Africa, South America, India, Southeast Asia and Malesia.

Saskatchewan Research Council

SRC’s GenServe Laboratories carry out DNA-based testing for plants, cattle and other livestock.

Shaanxi bus–tanker crash

On 28 August 2012, the Chinese government announced that it had confirmed the identities of twenty-six of those killed, via DNA testing.

Snow Leopard Conservancy

This is done using remote camera traps, fecal DNA sampling and GPS-satellite collars to study movements and corridor analysis to find areas to target for conservation efforts.

Spumavirus

The virions contain significant amounts of double-stranded full-length DNA, and assembly is rather unusual in these viruses.

State v. Stone

State v. Stone was written before DNA was widely used as evidence, and there is no discussion of any attempt to recover genetic material from the victim in the original publication.

Steroid hormone

Once in the nucleus, the steroid-receptor ligand complex binds to specific DNA sequences and induces transcription of its target genes.

Streptocarpus

DNA studies have shown that, despite not having a twisted fruit, the genus Saintpaulia (African Violets) evolved from within the Tanzanian Streptocarpus subgenus Streptocarpella.

Sulfonyl halide

In the episode "Encyclopedia Galactica" of his TV series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, Carl Sagan speculates that some intelligent extraterrestrial beings might have a genetic code based on polyaromatic sulfonyl halides instead of DNA.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

SERS can be used to target specific DNA and RNA sequences using a combination of gold and silver nanoparticles and Raman-active dyes, such as Cy3.

Tanja von Lahnstein

To be sure, Tanja takes a look at the DNA test that was done by Carla, who wanted to expose Maria as an impostor.

The Ideal Copy

The phrase "the ideal copy" is repeated throughout the song "Ambitious." Graham Lewis, in a Creem interview, stated "the ideal copy" ultimately refers to DNA, "but Bruce Gilbert had a dream about it and decided we had to take that out of the song".

The Pirate Bay raid

Mikael Viborg, the legal advisor to The Pirate Bay, was arrested at his apartment, brought in for questioning, forced to submit a DNA sample and had his electronic equipment seized.

The Stranger Beside Me

DNA testing linked that killing to an ex-convict named William Cosden, who was subsequently tried and convicted of her murder.

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation

The concept is based on the ability of ultraviolet light to kill infectious agents by disrupting their DNA.

Venture Smith

During the summer of 2006 and with permission from over a dozen of his descendants, scientists dug up Smith's grave to look for artifacts and take DNA samples from Venture Smith's remains to be compared with DNA from communities on the west coast of Africa in an effort to understand Smith's history and background better.

William McGinnis

He also studies how Hox transcription functions control morphogenesis, and how changes in the Hox proteins, cofactors, and DNA targets affect morphology.

Yongchang County

A DNA test was conducted in early 2007 in the attempt to find genetic evidence supporting this claim.

Zulkifli Abdhir

The Malaysian government asked for official DNA comparison on what was believed to be Abdhir's body to the DNA of one of Abdhir's siblings.


2011 Nairobi pipeline fire

He also reported that most bodies taken to the mortuary were burnt beyond recognition and would require DNA tests to confirm their identities.

Avian sarcoma leukosis virus

Much debate in the scientific community surrounded this issue until DNA integration was demonstrated by Temin in 1968 and reverse transcriptase was independently discovered by both Temin and David Baltimore in 1970.

Benzopyrene

Especially the mechanism of action of benzo(a)pyrene-related DNA modification is well investigated and relates to the activity of cytochrome P450 subclass 1A1 (CYP1A1).

Brisbane River cod

All naturally occurring Maccullochella cod in east coast drainages ultimately originate from Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii that entered an east coast river system, likely the Clarence, via a natural river capture event somewhere between 0.62 and 1.62 million years ago (mean estimate 1.1 million years ago), as estimated by DNA divergence rates.

Cancer genome sequencing

The Sanger Institute's Cancer Genome Project, first funded in 2005, focuses on DNA sequencing.

Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad

Among other scientific examination facilities the laboratory also provides the facilities for DNA examination and cyber forensics.

Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal

On November 20, 2009, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers announced that a single sample of DNA from Asian carp had been found above the electric barrier that had been constructed in the canal in an attempt to prevent them from migrating into the Great Lakes.

Desi DNA

In 2004 Desi DNA received the Best Lifestyle Programme award from the Royal Television Society.

Dialysis tubing

In the context of life science research, dialysis tubing is typically used in the sample clean-up and processing of proteins and DNA samples or complex biological samples such as blood or serum.

DNA polymerase delta

DNA polymerase delta is an enzyme complex found in eukaryotes that is involved in DNA replication and repair, and it consists of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the multisubunit replication factor C, and the 4 subunit polymerase complex: POLD1, POLD2, POLD3, and POLD4.

Doublesex

All of these are transcription factors with a zinc finger DNA-binding domain (known as the DM domain) and are involved in sex-specific differentiation.

Epigenomics AG

Epigenomics has licensed the SEPT9 biomarker and certain DNA methylation technologies to Quest Diagnostics and ARUP Laboratories in the US, as well as Warnex Laboratories in Canada.

Force spectroscopy

In this way a great deal has been learned in recent years about the mechanochemical coupling in the enzymes responsible for muscle contraction, transport in the cell, energy generation (F1-ATPase), DNA replication and transcription (polymerases), DNA unknotting and unwinding (topoisomerases and helicases), and so on.

H2A

Histone H2A, a component of DNA higher structure in eukaryotic cells

Haplogroup R-M173

In Indigenous Americans groups, R-M173 is the most common haplogroup after the various Q-M242, especially in North America in Ojibwe people at 79%, Chipewyan 62%, Seminole 50%, Cherokee 47%, Dogrib 40% and Papago 38%.

HHV

Herpesviridae, a family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and animals

Japanese-Jewish common ancestry theory

Researcher and author Jon Entine emphasizes that DNA evidence excludes the possibility of significant links between Japanese and Jews.

Jean-Jacques Cassiman

Jean-Jacques Cassiman has done work in the field of human genetics and DNA research.

Kting voar

All supposed kting voar specimens that were subject to DNA analysis to date have turned out to be artificially shaped cattle horns (Hassanin et al., 2001; Thomas, Seveau, and Hassanin, 2001; Hassanin, 2002).

Mark Griep

Griep studies the proteins that synthesize DNA, namely primase and DnaB helicase.

Murder of Glenn Kopitske

Lawyers suggested that DNA evidence suggested the theory that Hirte killed Kopitske just to see if he could get away with it was not true.

Murder of Sally Anne Bowman

In October 2006, Dixie's DNA was sent to Western Australia to be tested against that of the DNA evidence in the Claremont serial killer case between 1996 and 1997, as it is believed he was in the area at the time of the killings, and may have committed them.

Painted swellshark

Genetic data showed this shark to be distinct from the two Australian species, and it was described in a 2008 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) publication by Peter Last, Bernard Séret, and William White.

Radiobiology evidence for protons and HZE nuclei

Heavy-ion-induced effects on telomere stability have also been studied using siRNA (small interfering ribonucleic acid) knockdown for components of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in human lymphoblasts.

Recombineering

The biggest advantage of recombineering is that it obviates the need for conveniently positioned restriction sites, whereas in conventional genetic engineering, DNA modification is often compromised by the availability of unique restriction sites.

Richard E. McCarty

McCarty is the son of Maclyn McCarty, American geneticist who found that the genetic material of living cells is composed of DNA.

Robin Holliday

The main focus of his experimental work was the epigenetic control of gene expression by DNA methylation in CHO cells.

Solenodon

The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust and the Ornithological Society of Hispaniola were able to take measurements and DNA from the creature before it was released.

Spectrophotometer for Nucleic Acid Measurements

Analysis of nucleic acids is commonly performed to determine the average concentrations of DNA or RNA present in a mixture, as well as their purity.

Star Gladiator

Rimgal: June's father, the former English scientist Michael Milliam turned into a Velociraptor dinosaur who fights with a Bone Club after Bilstein had experimented on him, mixing his human DNA with dinosaur DNA.

Swona

Because of this, DNA samples have been taken, from the ears of some of the cattle that died.

TDNA

Transfer DNA (or T-DNA), the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens

University of North Texas Health Science Center

It also conducts all DNA analysis for the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

Very short patch repair

The components of the system are MutS, which binds to the GT mismatch, the VSR endonuclease, which cuts the DNA, and MutL, which recruits the UvrD helicase.

What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery

Crick comments on various aspects of the DNA double helix discovery and gives a qualified endorsement to the 1987 television movie Life Story with Jeff Goldblum as Jim Watson and Tim Piggott-Smith as Francis Crick.