As part of the infamous Kristallnacht the facilities of the synagogue were destroyed and rituals and services were stopped; however, the building had been left standing until 1945.
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In 1942, Jews from Untererthal were dorported to the Izbica Ghetto on April 22 and to the Concentration Camp in Theresienstadt in September.
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The American television sitcom Hogan's Heroes (which ran on CBS from 1965 to 1971), featured a fictional Stalag 13, said to be near Hammelburg, possibly in or near Untererthal.