X-Nico

99 unusual facts about Warsaw


1263 Varsavia

Its name is derived from the Latin name for the Polish capital Warsaw.

1924 Summer Student World Championships

The 1924 Summer Student World Championships were organised by the Confederation Internationale des Etudiants (CIE) and held in Warsaw, Poland.

3rd Guards Spetsnaz Brigade

For the successful execution of assigned tasks to free Warsaw Commander of the Order of February 10, 1945 the regiment was given the name "Warsaw".

Abdul Qadir Dagarwal

As part of the changes in the leadership of the country, he resigned from the Politburo in November 1985, a year later was appointed Ambassador to Warsaw, Poland by President Mohammad Najibullah.

Adam Asnyk

As such he received education at the Institute of Agriculture and Forestry in Marymont and then the Medical Surgeon School in Warsaw.

Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Warsaw

After the end of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 it was deliberately destroyed by Nazi Germans.

Aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising

The failure of the Warsaw Uprising and subsequent Capitulation agreement left Warsaw almost uninhabited.

Andrei Pavlovich Ablameyko

After the death of his father Ian Matusevich in December 1998, he was ordained to the priesthood by Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Przemyśl–Warsaw, Archbishop Jan Martyniak in Lublin and was appointed rector of the parish of Saint Joseph in Minsk, as well as parish administrator in Lida and Maladzechna.

Antoni Osuchowski

Antoni Osuchowski (13 June 1849 in Paris - 9 January 1928 in Warsaw) was a Polish lawyer, publicist, philanthropist and national activist in Silesia, Warmia and Mazury.

Apatia

First gig took place in 1990, during the independent Robrege Festival in Warsaw.

AVA Radio Company

In 1927, Fokczyński had opened a small radio workshop on Warsaw's New World Street.

Ayoub Qanir

Ayoub is currently working on his debut feature project, Koyakatsi, recently filmed in Warsaw, Poland.

Baba Diawara

On 17 April 2012, Diawara scored the opening goal in the new National Stadium in Warsaw, during a friendly with local Legia Warsaw.

Banned from Television

In Warsaw, Poland, a powerful storm topples a brick chimney across the street onto a crowd of people.

Blue laser

In the early 1990s the Institute of High Pressure Physics at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw (Poland), under the leadership of Dr. Sylwester Porowski developed technology to create gallium nitride crystals with high structural quality and fewer than 100 defects per square centimeter — at least 10,000 times better than the best sapphire-supported crystal.

Charles T. Powers

He spent long stretches of his tenure with the Times as a foreign correspondent in Africa, based in Nairobi from 1980 to 1986, and as Eastern European Bureau Chief from 1986 to 1991, during which time he lived in Warsaw.

Communist Party of Poland

This was successfully repulsed and the Red Army advanced to the gates of Warsaw only to be pushed back in its turn and defeated on the banks of Vistula.

ČSD Class E 499.1

EU05 locomotives pulled fast passenger trains and were based in Warszawa Odolany and later in Warszawa Olszynka Grochowska depots.

Democratic education

In 1912 Janusz Korczak founded Dom Sierot, the Jewish orphanage in Warsaw, which was run on democratic lines until 1940, when he accompanied all his charges to the gas-chambers of the Treblinka extermination camp.

Der Groyser Kundes

Founded by the humorist Yosef Tunkel (or Der tunkeler, his pen name, meaning 'The dark one'), the paper was taken on by Jacob Marinoff when Tunkel left to work for an established paper in Warsaw.

DeviantArt

Starting May 13, 2009, deviantArt embarked on a world tour, visiting cities around the world, including Sydney, Singapore, Warsaw, Istanbul, Berlin, Paris, London, New York City, Toronto and Los Angeles.

Domino theory

Warsaw, Prague, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.

Eddie Rosner

In 1939, in Warsaw, he married Ruth Kaminska, the daughter of Polish actress Ida Kaminska.

Eva Nagorski

Because Eva's father, Andrew Nagorski, worked as a foreign correspondent for Newsweek, she has had an international upbringing, living in Hong Kong, Moscow, Rome, Bonn and Warsaw, and has travelled extensively.

Flag of Poland

White and red were first publicly used as national colors by civilians on May 3, 1792 in Warsaw, during a celebration of the first anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of 1791.

François Gény

Nine universities conferred him the title of Doctorate Honoris Causa: Groningen (1914), Leuven (1927), Warsaw (1929), Brussels (1929), Geneva (1930), Jassy (1934), Lausanne (1935), Basel (1936) and Athens (1937).

GAZ-M20 Pobeda

The car was a successful export for the USSR, and the design was licensed to the Polish FSO factory in Warsaw, where it was built as the FSO Warszawa beginning in 1951.

Grzegorz Pojmański

Grzegorz Pojmański (born April 16, 1959, in Warsaw), Polish astronomer, worker of Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory, Poland.

Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word

Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word is a 2006 documentary directed by British director, Bhavna Malkani, in Warsaw, capital of Poland.

Hans Moritz von Brühl

At Paris, in 1755, Brühl, then in his nineteenth year, took an active part in Saxon diplomacy, and was summoned to Warsaw in 1759.

Henryk Wasilewski

His personal best time was 3.37.3 minutes, achieved in July 1977 in Warsaw.

Isaac N. Morris

He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1835 and commenced practice in Warsaw, Illinois, in 1836.

Jack Lohman

He is Professor of Museum Design and Communication at the Bergen National Academy of the Arts in Norway (since 1997) and Chairman of the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland (since 2008).

Jacques Ledoux

Jacques Ledoux (1921 in Warsaw – 6 June 1988 in Brussels) was a Belgian cinema specialist, curator of the Royal Film Archive of Belgium (Cinémathèque royale de Belgique) from 1948 to 1988 and the founder of the Cinema Museum in Brussels (Musée du cinéma de Bruxelles) in 1962.

Jan Dekert

--probably National Theatre, Warsaw but can't find a source clearly stating that--> in Warsaw.

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Starting in the 1760s, he rose to become one of the most prominent merchants in the Polish capital of Warsaw.

Jan Stanienda

He is a graduate of the Chopin Academy of Music in Warsaw, where he studied with Professor Krzysztof Jakowicz.

Jazz Jamboree

Then the venue was changed to Filharmonia Narodowa, and since 1965 all editions have taken place in Sala Kongresowa in Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw.

Jean de Reszke

He sang as a boy in Warsaw's cathedral and later studied law at the city's university; but after a few years he abandoned his legal training and went to Milan in Italy to study voice.

Josef František Munclinger

During the 1916-1919 he was the member of Studio Piotrowsky, Teatr Stołeczny and Teatr Wielki in Warsaw.

Joseph G. Williams

After 40 years in the country music business Joe retired to his family farm in Warsaw with his wife Dolly in 1990 where he is a hometown hero.

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In 1993 Joe bought a gas station in Warsaw and renamed Ol' Joe's, then in 2003 Joe's oldest son James bought the gas station from his father and kept the name.

Joža Karas

Born to Christian parents in Warsaw, Karas emigrated to the United States in 1948 via Colombia and Canada.

Kac Wawa

The Karkowski film was named in a very similar fashion, replacing the word Vegas with Wawa (which is a pejorative abbreviation for Warsaw, where the film takes place).

Kalina Jędrusik

From 1955 she performed at Warsaw theatres: National Theatre (1955-1957), Współczesny Theatre (1957-1963), Comedy Theatre (1964-1967), Studencki Teatr Satyryków (1969-1972), Variety Theatre (1972-1985), Polish Theatre (1985-1991).

Katarzyna Pakosińska

In 1991 she graduated from Arts High School and began Polish studies at the University of Warsaw.

Kazimiera Zawistowska

She published her works in Kraków and Warsaw magazines – Życie, Krytyka and Chimera.

Kostrzyn–Słubice Special Economic Zone

The Zone is situated near main roads including the international E30 (A2), E65 (A3) and E28 motorways and near to the Paris – Berlin – Warsaw – Moscow international railway line.

Kubusia Puchatka Street

Ulica Kubusia Puchatka is a street in central Warsaw, Poland named after Winnie-the-Pooh.

La Caixa

At the end of 2007, La Caixa had 5,480 branches, of which 5,468 are located throughout Spain and two operating abroad (Warsaw, Poland and Bucharest, Romania), and 10 representative offices in Germany, Belgium, China, France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal and the United Kingdom.

Landon Carter

Carter's grave is in the Lower Lunenburg Parish Church cemetery in Warsaw, Virginia.

Leon Barszczewski

Leon Barszczewski (February 20, 1849 in Warsaw – March 19, 1910 in Częstochowa) was a Polish soldier, topographer, explorer of the Central Asia culture, naturalist, and glaciologer.

Leopold Labedz

The family soon returned to Warsaw and the young Labedz decided to follow his father into the medical profession.

Leopold Lewin

Leopold Lewin (28 July 1910 in Piotrków Trybunalski – 7 December 1995 in Warsaw) was a Polish poet, journalist and translator.

Lottie Deno

Carlotta J. Thompkins (her presumed real name) was born on April 21, 1844 in Warsaw, Kentucky.

Maia Wojciechowska

She was born in Warsaw, Poland, spent some time in France and England, and later came to the United States with her parents.

Markot

The movement was legalized in 1994, in the same year in Warsaw, a Center of Help was opened.

Masuria

In contrast to the Prussian-oriented periodicals, in the late 19th century such newspapers as Przyjaciel Ludu Łecki and Mazur were founded by members of the Warsaw-based Komitet Centralny dla Slaska, Kaszub i Mazur (Central Committee for Silesia, Kashubia and Masuria), influenced by Polish politicians like Antoni Osuchowski or Juliusz Bursche, to strengthen a Polish identity in Masuria.

Menasha Skulnik

Born in Warsaw, Poland, Skulnik reportedly ran away at the age of 10 to join a circus.

Missunde

After king Charles X Gustav of Sweden together with Brandenburg had defeated the Polish army near Warsaw in 1656, its troops passed Missunde, where they made large destruction.

Natalie Clein

She was the first British winner of the Eurovision Competition for Young Musicians in Warsaw, playing the Shostakovich Sonata and Elgar's concerto.

Niels Christian Ditleff

He also played an instrumental role in evacuating foreign diplomats from Warsaw during the German invasion and to rescue Jews in coordination with Nansenhjelpen.

Once Upon a Honeymoon

After the annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, the Von Lubers travel to Warsaw, where the baron sells arms to Polish General Borelski (Albert Bassermann).

Opera house

Traditionally, Europe's major opera houses built in the 19th century contained between about 1,500 to 3,000 seats, examples being Brussels' La Monnaie (after renovations, with 1,700 seats), Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater (with 1,636), Warsaw's Grand Theatre (the main auditorium with 1,841), Paris' Opéra Garnier (with 2,200), the Royal Opera House in London (with 2,268) and the Vienna State Opera (the new auditorium with reduced capacity of 2,280).

Pacific Symphony

In May 1988, Kazimierz Kord, then Music Director of the Warsaw Philharmonic, was named Principal Guest Conductor and Music Advisor for the 1989-1990 season.

Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Teatralna

Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy (Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Teatralna im. Aleksandra Zelwerowicza) located in Warsaw

Philip Dawson

In September 1938 he attended the Inter-Parliamentary Business Congress in Warsaw.

Pittsfield, Maine

In 1815, the town was organized as the Plantation of Sebasticook, but was incorporated on June 18, 1819 as Warsaw after Warsaw, Poland.

PKP class OKl27

Four engines have survived: OKl27-10 in Skierniewice (as an exhibit), OKl27-26 in Warsaw Railroad Museum (as an exhibit), OKl27-27 in Gdynia (as an exhibit) and OKl27-41 in Chabówka.

Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010

The Polish national broadcaster TVP held a national final for the 2010 contest on 14 February in Warsaw, where 10 songs competed to represent Poland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010.

Polskie Radio Program III

The studios are located at Myśliwiecka Street 3/5/7 in Warsaw.

Praga Park

Soldiers of the Polish First Army Park otherwise known as Praga Park is a park in Warsaw, Poland.

Resistance: Retribution

Grayson leads a Maquis force into the heart of Russia to discover the source of the Chimera invasion, but Grayson goes Missing in action during the battle to liberate Warsaw, though rumors spread of a British soldier in Russia that has become known as the "Cloven Killer".

Rob Cage

He was also the first Englishman to wrestle in Poland for the Do or Die Wrestling promotion in Warsaw.

Ronald Nowicki

The publication continued well into the late 1990s with various owners, while Nowicki left to interview the last survivors of the Warsaw cabaret for his first book, Warsaw: The Cabaret Years (Mercury House, 1992), about cabaret and coffeehouse life in Warsaw, Poland, between the World Wars.

Roy MacGregor-Hastie

He speaks seven languages, including Russian, was one of the most widely read commentators on Communist affairs, and has reported from Moscow, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest and Bucharest.

San Francisco Review of Books

The publication continued well into the late 1990s with various owners, while Nowicki left to interview the last survivors of the Warsaw cabaret for his first book, Warsaw: The Cabaret Years (Mercury House, 1992), about cabaret and coffeehouse life between the wars in Warsaw.

Stanisław Wawrzecki

Stanisław Wawrzecki (1922–March 19, 1965) was a Director of State-Directed Meat Trade in Praga (part of Warsaw), and the last person sentenced to death and executed in Poland for economy-related crimes after 1956.

Stefan Kanchev

After leaving the National Academy of Arts shortly before graduation, Kanchev took part in exhibitions and biennales in Bulgaria and abroad over the next 22 years, including Belgrade, Budapest, Berlin, Moscow, Warsaw, Brno, Ljubljana and New York City.

Stephen Mull

Prior to his assignment in Jakarta, Mull worked as Deputy Director of the State Department Operations Center, as Political Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Warsaw, Poland, as Director of the Office of Southern European Affairs in the Bureau of European Affairs, and as Deputy Executive Secretary in the Office of the Secretary of State.

The Adventures of Mr. Nicholas Wisdom

During sojourns in Warsaw, Paris, and the fictional island of Nipu (based on Japan, known to natives as Nippon), the protagonist gathers numerous experiences that lead him to a rationalist outlook and teach him how to become a good man, and thus a good citizen.

The Prophecy: Live in Europe

The Prophecy: Live in Europe is a live album by Painkiller, a band featuring John Zorn, Bill Laswell, and Yoshida Tatsuya, performing live in Berlin and Warsaw.

The Woman That Dreamed About a Man

Maciek (Marcin Dorociński) is a Warsaw School of Economics professor visiting from Poland, and she pursues him relentlessly, even going so far as to follow him all the way to Warsaw and ensconcing herself in an apartment right across the street from the apartment where he lives with his wife and family.

The Young Messiah

On October 18, 2002, Frank McNamara staged and produced a performance of Messiah XXI in Warsaw, Poland as part of a Gala Event for the President of Poland and dignitaries.

Thomas de Mahy, marquis de Favras

After his marriage, Favras went to Vienna to attempt the restitution of his wife's rights, and spent some time in Warsaw.

Thomas Knowlton

A month before the outbreak of World War II, in late July 1939, Rejewski and his Cipher Bureau colleagues and superiors, at an official Warsaw conference, initiated French and British military cryptologists into their techniques and technology and gave each of their western allies a German Enigma machine that they had reconstructed.

Timothee Adamowski

Born in Warsaw, he studied in that city's conservatory, later moving on to further studies in Paris.

Tomasz Borkowy

Tomasz Karol Borkowy (born 17 September 1952, Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish actor, but has been working in the United Kingdom since the early 1980s.

Tupolev ANT-9

Mikhail Gromow accomplished a European round flight on the route Moscow – Travemünde – Berlin – Paris – Rome – Marseille – London – Paris – Berlin – Warsaw – Moscow with the Krylia Sovietov, which lasted from 10 July to 8 August 1929 and generated considerable publicity.

Vaad Rosh Hashochtim of Poland and Lithuania

As soon as the Vaad was formed, it's seven members agreed to meet regularly in Warsaw to hold their meetings.

Witold Zawadowski

Witold Eugeniusz Zawadowski (February 23, 1888 in Skobełka near Horochow, Volhynia – August 12, 1980 in Warsaw) was a Polish radiologist, one of the pioneer of the Polish radiology.

Wojciech Szczęsny

Szczęsny trained at Agrykola Warsaw as a young player; soon, Legia Warsaw's goalkeeping coach, Krzysztof Dowhań, was so impressed with the young keeper, he allowed him to take part in a training camp with Legia's first team at the age of 15, joining them afterwards.

World Congress of Families

The meeting in Warsaw in May 2007 was to be addressed by Ellen Sauerbrey, at the time head of the United States Department of State's Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, which provoked a letter from 19 Members of the European Parliament demanding that she should not go.

Zbigniew Romaszewski

Zbigniew Romaszewski (born 2 January 1940 in Warsaw) is a Polish conservative politician, a Polish senator since 1989, and a human rights activist.

Zofia Lissa

In 1947 Lissa returned to Warsaw and took a position as deputy director of the Department of Music at the Ministry of Culture and the Arts, where she addressed research activities and music culture.

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In 1948 she organized the Department of Musicology at the University of Warsaw and from 1958-75 served as its director.

Zofia Wasilkowska

Zofia Wasilkowska (9 December 1910 in Kalisz – 1 December 1996 in Warsaw), was a Polish communist politician.

Zygmunt Noskowski

Noskowski was born in Warsaw and was originally trained at the Warsaw Conservatory studying violin and composition.

Zygmunt Załęski

Zygmunt Załęski (February 13, 1892 – January 12, 1966 in Warsaw), pseudonym Gnatowski, was a Polish national movement activist, politician and publicist.


Adrian Krzyżanowski

Adrian Krzyżanowski (born 8 September 1788 in Dębowo - died 21 August 1852 in Warsaw) was a Polish mathematician and translator of German literature.

Aleksander Świętochowski

His son Ryszard Świętochowski (Warsaw, 17 October 1882 – 1941, Auschwitz) was an engineer, journalist and politician who supported Władysław Sikorski, and published many papers in the field of physics; he died at Auschwitz Concentration Camp.

Alexander Blok

Some of his relatives were literary men, his father being a law professor in Warsaw, and his maternal grandfather the rector of Saint Petersburg State University.

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Warsaw

Field Cathedral of the Polish Army, another cathedral in Warsaw that used to be an Orthodox church

Antek

Antek Rozpylacz ("Antek the Arsonist"), the nom-de-guerre of Antoni Szczęsny Godlewski (1923 in Warsaw – 1944, in Warsaw)

Baltic Ground Services

In May 2010, Baltic Ground Services established a subsidiary in Poland with hopes to expand into six largest Polish airports in Warsaw, Kraków, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Poznan and Katowice.

Czesław Centkiewicz

During World War II he remained in Warsaw and after the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 he was arrested by the Germans and deported to the Neuengamme concentration camp.

Dětmarovice

The power station is situated on an important main railway line from Prague/Vienna to Warsaw.

Ectaco

Within the next 2 years offices were opened in Germany (Berlin), Great Britain (London), the Czech Republic (Prague), Canada (Toronto), Poland (Warsaw) and Ukraine (Kiev).

Eduardo Díez de Medina

Over 1,000 blank immigration permits were found for distribution in Warsaw, Hamburg, Genoa and Paris.

Feliks Paweł Jarocki

Feliks Paweł Jarocki (Pacanów, 14 January 1790 - 25 March 1865, Warsaw) was a Polish zoologist and entomologist.

Flight 16

LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, a 2011 belly-landing of a Boeing 767-300ER in Warsaw, Poland

Frederick Augustus I of Saxony

Geopolitically the Duchy of Warsaw comprised the areas of the 2nd and 3rd Prussian partitions (1795), with the exception of Danzig (Gdańsk), which was made into the Free City of Danzig under joint French and Saxon "protection", and the district around Białystok, which was given to Russia.

Gold Duck

According to one story, recorded by poet-journalist Artur Oppman, the duck dwells in the cellars beneath Warsaw's Ostrogski Castle (now home to the Fryderyk Chopin Museum).

Holy See–Poland relations

Diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Poland have existed at the level of Nunciature since 1555, when the first resident diplomatic representative of the Holy See with the rank of Nuncio arrived in Warsaw, to continue the whose of his predecessors of lesser rank.

House of Walewski

The family issued 15 senators in the First Polish Republic (1574-1795), one senator of the Polish Kingdom (1819-1831), 4 Knights of the Order of the White Eagle, 4 Knights of the Order of Virtuti Militari in the Napoleonic era and 2 during the November Uprising 1830-31, 1 Knight of Malta and 3 canonesses of Warsaw.

Ibbur

Richard Zimler, The Warsaw Anagrams, New York: The Overlook Press, 2011, ISBN 978-1-59020-088-9 (an historical novel set in the Warsaw Ghetto and narrated by an Ibbur)

Jack Lohman

He went on to win a British Council Fellowship Award to study Architecture and Conservation in Warsaw.

Jan Kanty Pawluśkiewicz

He also arranged and composed for stage productions at the Stary Teatr and Theater Scena STU in Kraków, the National Theatre and the Teatr Powszechny in Warsaw.

Jay Kalk

In the Summer of 2003, Warsaw was the headlining act of the Tour de Fat, which had 13 dates in the Southwest States.Warsaw is sponsored by Jägermeister and played the Arizona date of the Jägermeister Music Tour opening for Alterbridge in 2004.

Joseph G. Williams

In 1950 after 12 years in the Army Joe came back home to Warsaw and married his high school sweetheart Dolly Johnson on March 3, 1950.

Kazimierz Gilarski

Brigadier General Kazimierz Gilarski (May 7, 1955 in Rudołowice – April 10, 2010 in Smolensk) was a Polish military figure, Commander of the Warsaw Garrison.

Kulczyk Investments

Kulczyk Investments owns some of Warsaw’s key property portfolios in the city’s prime locations.

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

The province's sole international airport, Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport, is located in Bydgoszcz and has connections to a number of European destinations as well as Warsaw, which are all operated by either Irish carrier Ryanair or LOT Polish Airlines.

Louise Fishman

This trip was part of a larger one that took her to Warsaw, Prague, and Budapest.

Łomża Department

From January to July 1807 the Department was known as the Białystok Department (Departament Białostocki) with the capital of Białystok, but after Treaties of Tilsit, Russia agreed for the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw, but in exchange it was ceded for powiats: Białostocki, Bielski, Sokólski and Drohicki.

Marian Mazur

Marian Mazur (Radom, December 7, 1909 – Warsaw, January 21, 1983) was an expert in cybernetics, and author of: The Cybernetic Theory of Autonomous Systems, 1966; and The Qualitative Theory of Information, 1970.

Menachem Ziemba

In another incident, Rabbi Ziemba, along with the other two surviving members of the Warsaw Rabbinate, Rabbi Shimshon Sztokhamer and Rabbi David Shapiro, were suddenly summoned to the Judenrat.

Michał Zadara

After two years of study, he took a leave of absence from Swarthmore, and studied directing at the Theatre Academy in Warsaw, and then oceanography at Sea Education Association in Massachusetts.

Nathusius Investments

Nathusius Investments Sp.z o.o. is a media investment company with a focus on diversified b2b publishing and event activities based in Warsaw, Poland.

Nożyk Synagogue

Between 1898 and 1902 Zalman Nożyk, a renowned Warsaw merchant, and his wife Ryfka financed such temple at Twarda street, next to the neighbourhood of Grzybów and Plac Grzybowski.

Polish Astronomical Society

The Polish Astronomical Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Astronomiczne, PTA) is science society in Poland, founded in 1923, with headquarter in Warsaw.

Quiller

Fourth, in contrast to the glamorous lifestyles depicted in the James Bond canon, Quiller's operational locations are almost always unfriendly (Warsaw in winter, the Sahara Desert under the blazing sun, etc.) and he is aware that his expenses will be scrutinised minutely.

Steve Hollar

Hoosiers was Hollar's first and last acting role; he used his earnings to pay for dental school and today works as a dentist in Warsaw, Indiana, his hometown.

The Little Smuggler

Emanuel Ringelblum, "Children of the Warsaw Ghetto", Congress Bi-weekly, vol.

The New Woman

The New Woman, written in 1890–93, first appeared serially in the Warsaw Kurier Codzienny (Daily Courier).

Tomasz Napoleon Nidecki

He studied composition with Joseph Elsner between 1824-27 at the Warsaw School for Music and Dramatic Art and Higher School of Music, thus making him classmates with Frédéric Chopin.

Tomisławice Coal Mine

The Tomisławice coal mine is a large mine in the centre of Poland in Tomisławice, Greater Poland Voivodeship, 167 km west of the capital, Warsaw.

Victor Merzhanov

He sat as a jury member in more than 40 international competitions including the Rachmaninov Competition (which he founded), the International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow, the Chopin Competition in Warsaw, the Bartók-Liszt Competition in Budapest, and international competitions in Montreal, Tokyo, Brussels and others.

Wanda Landowska

Landowska was born in Warsaw, where her father was a lawyer, and her mother a linguist who translated Mark Twain into Polish.

Zygmunt Wiehler

From 1907 he was connected professionally to many theaters in the country, and in the 1920s and 1930s, he was a musical manager and director in Warsaw cabarets ("Wodewil", "Qui pro quo", "Banda", "Perskie Oko", "Morskie Oko", "Ananas", "Wielka Rewia", "Cyganeria").